PASS Fire Extinguisher Mnemonic
PASS is the companion mnemonic to RACE and teaches the correct technique for operating a fire extinguisher. After deciding it is safe to attempt extinguishing a small fire (the E in RACE), PASS guides you through the four steps of fire extinguisher use. This is a commonly tested topic on the NCLEX under Safe and Effective Care Environment.
The Mnemonic
"PASS"
Breakdown
Pull
Pull the pin on the fire extinguisher. The pin prevents accidental discharge and must be removed before the extinguisher can be operated. Hold the extinguisher upright and pull the pin straight out.
Aim
Aim the nozzle or hose at the base of the fire, not at the flames. Directing the extinguishing agent at the base starves the fire of fuel. Standing 6-8 feet away from the fire is the recommended distance.
Squeeze
Squeeze the handle or lever to discharge the extinguishing agent. Apply steady, even pressure. Release the handle to stop the discharge if needed. Most portable fire extinguishers have a discharge time of 8-25 seconds.
Sweep
Sweep the nozzle from side to side at the base of the fire until it is extinguished. Continue sweeping even after the flames appear to be out to prevent re-ignition. Back away slowly and watch for rekindling.
Clinical Relevance
NCLEX questions about fire extinguisher use focus on two key points: aim at the base of the fire (not the flames) and only attempt to extinguish a small fire. If the fire is large, has spread, or you are not trained, evacuate immediately. Know the types of fire extinguishers: Class A (ordinary combustibles), Class B (flammable liquids), Class C (electrical), and Class ABC (combination, most common in hospitals).
Study Tips
- ✓The most commonly tested detail is to aim at the base of the fire, not at the flames or smoke.
- ✓Remember that PASS comes after RACE: you only use a fire extinguisher during the Extinguish step of RACE.
- ✓Most hospital fire extinguishers are Class ABC, suitable for ordinary, liquid, and electrical fires.
- ✓If the fire extinguisher runs out and the fire is not controlled, evacuate immediately.
FAQs
Common questions about this mnemonic
Most hospitals use Class ABC (multipurpose) fire extinguishers, which are effective against ordinary combustibles (paper, wood), flammable liquids (alcohol, grease), and electrical fires. These are the most versatile and are placed throughout healthcare facilities. Some specialized areas like operating rooms may have CO2 extinguishers for electrical equipment.
A nurse should not attempt to use a fire extinguisher if the fire is larger than a wastebasket, if smoke is filling the room, if the escape route is threatened, if the nurse has not been trained in fire extinguisher use, or if there is any doubt about safety. In these situations, the priority is to evacuate the area and wait for the fire department.